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Sunita Williams 11-23 Sunita Williams is a United States Naval officer and a NASA astronaut, since 1998. It wasn’t until December 2006 that she boarded the Space Shuttle Discovery for her first flight into space. But little did she know that her first time in space would also account for some “firsts” in space. MP3 Download

The Space Shuttle Facts 11-22 The Space Shuttle, the most complex machine ever built, has more than 2.5 million parts, including almost 230 miles of wire, more than a thousand plumbing valves and connections, over 14 hundred circuit breakers and more than 27 thousand insulating tiles and thermal blankets! MP3 Download

Rover Braving Dust Storms A series of severe Martian summer dust storms has affected the NASA rovers Opportunity and Spirit, blocking over 90 percent of direct sunlight to the rovers leaving little sky light to power them. NASA scientists fear the storms might continue for several days, if not weeks, which will prevent the rovers from generating enough power to keep themselves warm and operational. MP3 Download

Virgin Galactic Richard Branson’s Virgin Galactic continues to take commercial space travel to new heights. The company will soon be taking reservations for the first “pleasure trip” to the moon and the entrepreneur has decided to launch his new endeavor with the help of the BBC and reality television. MP3 Download

Cost of Space Tourism To date, five space tourists have paid $20 to $25 million to visit the space station via the Soyuz spacecraft, with trips arranged by Space Adventures. The company recently announced that two more Soyuz seats have been purchased for tourists to fly in 2008 and 2009. MP3 Download

NASA’s Spitzer Finds Water Vapor on Hot, Alien Planet Beyond our solar system lies a scorching-hot gassy planet, steaming with water vapor, according to new observations by NASA’s Spitzer Space Telescope. The telescope observed the hot-gas planet as it dipped behind a star and was able to detect the spectrum of its light. MP3 Download

Pierce’s Disease California vineyards have been under attack by glassy-winged, pesky insects that suck the moisture from the heavy stalks of grapevines, and winemakers have called on NASA for help. MP3 Download
 Baby Food Supplement It’s difficult to imagine a connection between planetary space flight and baby food, but there is such a thing. Infant formulas now contain nutritional enrichment ingredients that trace back to NASA-sponsored research! MP3 Download

Center of the Earth? Currently, scientists define Earth’s center in two different ways: as the mass center of solid Earth or as the mass center of Earth’s entire system, which combines solid Earth, ice sheets, oceans and atmosphere. MP3 Download

Space Walk for Money Space Adventures, a company that arranges private trips to the ISS, is now offering a bonus spacewalk for clients willing to pay for more than the standard $20 million trip. Future visitors to the space station can take a 90-minute space-walk, or extravehicular activity and extend their orbital trip by up to eight days for additional $15 million! MP3 Download

NEEMO 13 This summer, NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations 13 (NEEMO), a 10-day “moon” walk mission on the ocean floor, lent itself to the use of advanced navigation and communication equipment. NEEMO 13 allows NASA to reevaluate and adapt missions before a return to the moon’s surface for a lot less than the real thing. MP3 Download

Animals in Space In the early days of space exploration, no one knew if people could survive a trip away from Earth, so using animals was the best way to find out. Today, the use of snails and fish can be applied to human conditions, which provide enough similarities to gain necessary knowledge and new insights into biological mechanisms that influence our lives on Earth and in space. MP3 Download

Mars Mission Redesigned NASA latest mission to Mars will include attempts to unlock the secrets of the Red Planet’s frozen water. This time, it means using bits and pieces of equipment from previous, but failed, missions to Mars. MP3 Download

Fuel Cells NASA research is helping to tackle some of the obstacles of high prices at the pump, by finding new ways to build “solid oxide” fuel cells that operate at half the temperature of current designs. MP3 Download

Fashionable Spacesuits The Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency and Rocketplane, Ltd., along with a number of fashion designers and artisans, have taken it upon themselves to organize the Hyper Space Couture Design Contest. The multi-part competition has been underway for several months, patterned to elicit space tourism fashion ideas. MP3 Download

Dawn Mission With the recently launched Dawn mission, NASA hopes to compare the different evolutionary paths of asteroid Veras and dwarf planet Ceres as well as create a picture of the early solar system overall. MP3 Download

Modified Jet Trainer NASA has two highly advanced simulators for training their pilots. With the modification of four of its corporate jets with shuttle cockpits and control and computer simulators, pilots get the real feeling of drag and dive, while flying at about 300 miles per hour! MP3 Download

NASA and Homeland Security Efforts to protect our nation’s internal security have quadrupled since the terrorists attacks of September 11. Federal agencies, including NASA, are doing their part to provide technology that proactively monitors our nation’s most important resources: air and water. MP3 Download

AIRS Data Using sensors on weather balloons, NASA’s Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) creates a global, 3-D map of atmospheric temperature, water vapor, clouds and greenhouse gases with the same accuracy currently possible only through such direct measurements, where the data is extremely limited. MP3 Download

Astronaut Health Reviews With the arrest of former astronaut Lisa Nowak in February 2007, NASA began a quest to reassess its behavioral health procedures. Four primary areas will be reviewed: alcohol use, medical policy, astronaut code of conduct, and communication between astronauts and the space agency. MP3 Download

Ski Boot Spinoff Since 1970, NASA and a company called Comfort Products have partnered to develop NASA technology-inspired ski boots for use by the recreational skier as well as hundreds of world-class competition skiers. The ski boots use accordion-like folds, similar to the design of space suits, to allow the boot to flex without distortion, while giving support and control for precision skiing. MP3 Download

Green Giants: Global warming isn’t a new issue, but regulators and politicians are challenging the aviation industry to clean up the air, making the friendly skies, more eco-friendly while more and more airlines go green. MP3 Download

Aerotropolis: In the film, The Terminal, Tom Hanks found everything he needed to survive - food, water, sleeping areas, shopping and even entertainment – all, within the confines of an airport. The movie may be fiction, but the idea of an airport providing the comforts of home is about to materialize and may be coming to a terminal near you! MP3 Download

GEOSS: There are thousands of systems observing the Earth at any given time, from GPS systems to weather satellites. The systems are so diverse and the most of them use different formats. In 2005, the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) implemented the Global Earth Observation System of Systems to tackle the challenge of putting all systems under one format. MP3 Download
NASA and Discovery Communications
NASA and Discovery Communications have teamed up for the anniversary party of the century – bringing space, science television and story-telling together for one big celebration - with the world television premiere of the film In the Shadow of the Moon, in 2008. And you don’t want to miss it! MP3 Download

Spacecraft Recycling In the world of space exploration, spacecrafts are designed specifically for each mission and upon completion, never used again. But that concept is changing as NASA gives new life to old spacecraft – recycling them for future exploration. MP3 Download
Lightsaber in Space For 30 years, the film series Star Wars has brought instant fame to a hairy Wookie co-pilot and two quirky androids. NASA will celebrate the anniversary of Like Skywalker and friends by giving a movie prop, a Star Wars-studded sendoff into real outer space. MP3 Download

ADS-B When radar technology was first introduced in the 1950s, it revolutionized air travel. But today, many say that same technology needs a major upgrade, such as Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast, ADS-B, which determines and broadcasts a plane’s location every second. MP3 Download
Space Hotel If you’re looking for a getaway that's out of this world, look no further than the high-end “Galactic Suite” hotel – the first luxury hotel planned for use in space.
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Asian Space Race
China’s military-run space program has made great strides in the past few years and in 2003, became the first Asian country to send its own astronauts into space. Competing with China is Japan, which claims its space project, SELENE, a lunar satellite, is the biggest since NASA’s Apollo program. MP3 Download

Training for Space Walks For every hour in spent in space, the astronauts train for seven hours on the ground, in a special training facility that mimics zero gravity, called the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL). The NBL is a large pool that holds over 6 million gallons of water and astronauts can train underwater, wearing spacesuits with two-way communication capability with flight controllers as if they were in space. MP3 Download

Women in Space Scientists speculated that since women are smaller and lighter than men are, on average, they might make good occupants for cramped space vehicles. With that in mind, in 1960, the Women in Space Program was born and award-winning pilot Jerrie Cobb was invited to undergo the first physical testing regimen for women. Within a year, 19 women pilots had taken astronaut fitness exams to be allowed to fly in space MP3 Download

NEW HORIZONS IMAGES: New photographs and movies sent from space are offering an unprecedented look at Jupiter and its moons. The New Horizons spacecraft has seven cameras and sensors, sending data and images, traveling over 600 million miles, back to Earth. MP3 Download 
 Death In Space: Preparing policies about how crews should react in the unlikely event of the death of an astronaut on missions to Mars. MP3 Download 

METHANE POWER: Exploring the solar system can have its drawbacks – not only are gas prices out of this world, but finding a refueling system once you leave Earth can be just as difficult. NASA is using a natural gas that farmers have known about for years – methane fuel as the fuel of the future for planet-hopping spacecraft! MP3 Download 

PHOENIX: Early NASA missions to Mars always landed on dry regions , leading scientists to believe that the planet was barren, with no signs of life. But, recent satellite missions have revealed widespread ice near the planet’s poles. MP3 Download 

Mercury 13: It was 1961, when Russia put the first man in space and a group of thirteen American women were undergoing top-secret astronaut training in the United States, aka Mercury 13. MP3 Download 

Cosmic Ring Evidence of Dark Matter: It can’t be seen, it doesn’t shine or reflect light, and no one knows what it’s made of, but existence of dark matter has been indicated by images from the Hubble Space Telescope. MP3 Download 

Vulcan: It has a hot, dry climate and is filled with beings who are logical to a fault. And now Gene Rodenberry’s planet Vulcan could be the next stop on a NASA planet-finding mission! MP3 Download 

Tiros: Back in 1962, NASA took an experimental step to determine if satellites could be useful to the study of our planet, using the Television Infrared Observation Satellite Program, or TIROS. MP3 Download 

Team American Rocketry Challenge: The Aerospace Industries Associates in conjunction with NASA is in its fifth year sponsoring the Team American Rocketry Challenge; a unique contest that has attracted youth to the world of aerospace. MP3 Download 

Space Tether: Blasting rockets into space may now be tethered to swing from one place to another if Rob Hoyt gets his way. The physicist and aerospace engineer knows a lot about flying space junk and has designed a new kind of space tether. MP3 Download 

Sonic Booms and Space Tourism: By the end of the decade, the skies will be much busier due to the debut of private spacecraft and increased tourist space flights, which means more noise, especially sonic booms. Officials at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center are the impact with computer models to reduce the annoyance. MP3 Download 
 A Shuttle Simulated: The Shuttle Launch Experience, a $60 million attraction that opened up this summer at the Kennedy Space Center’s Visitor Complex, takes its riders on a trip to space with state-of-the-art special effects, sounds and vibrations that will make you really feel like an NASA astronaut. MP3 Download 

Shooting Marbles: NASA is planning extended missions to the Moon, where crew members would work and live on the lunar surface. Before that can happen, protecting the astronauts from commonplace explosions that occur when meteorites slam into the moon is first priority. MP3 Download 

Orbiting Gas Station: Stone Aerospace in Austin, Texas is drawing up plans to re-fuel spacecraft in orbit. First stop, the Moon. The idea is to send a team to Shackleton Crater at the Moon’s south pole, to search for frozen water and other resources under the lunar surface. MP3 Download 

Kibo: Japan’s space agency, JAXA, has developed the Kibo laboratory, a new $3 billion experiment module, will be the first Japanese human spaceflight facility set to be attached to the International Space Station, by 2008. MP3 Download 

EASTERN U.S. HEATS UP: A new NASA study says that the eastern United States will start warming up with summer temperatures reaching 10 degrees higher by the mid-2080s. According to Dr. Leonard Druyan, one of the scientists with the study, says that computers underestimate the severity of global warming because they take into account too many rainy days in their predictions which tend to cool things down. MP3 Download 

Dreamlifter: Humpbacked in shape, Boeing’s Dreamlifter cargo plane, once a 747, carts around all the large pieces of Boeing’s new Dreamlifter 787 with its 65,000 cubic feet of storage from factories all over the world to the assembly plant in Washington state. MP3 Download 

Astronaut Glove Challenge: An engineer from Maine can now add “space innovator” and “astronaut tailor” to his resume. Peter Homer grabbed the $200,00 prize in NASA’s Astronaut Glove Challenge this year. The contest is part of the Centennial Challenges program designed to spur interest and innovation in spaceflight technology. MP3 Download 

ASDE-X: The worst airplane accident in history didn’t occur during flight – it happened on the runway, when two jets collided, killing 547 people. The FAA is turning to a new digital system, called ASDE-X, which is designed to track planes, snow plows and other ground vehicles with greater accuracy on the runways. MP3 Download 

Aquarius/Nemo: Just like space, the underwater environment is an alien and hostile place for humans to live. That’s why NASA researchers spend so many weeks submerged in underwater labs, like Aquarius in Key Largo, Florida. MP3 Download 

Sticky Issues in Space: When astronauts and cosmonauts become critically ill or injured while on the International Space Station, the idea is to have them return safely to Earth via the Russian Soyuz space capsule. Future Mars-bound astronauts won’t have that luxury. NASA doctors and scientists are trying to answer some sticky questions like, how to dispose of the body of a dead astronaut or when to pull the plug on a critically ill astronaut who may be exhausting precious oxygen or endangering the rest of the crew. MP3 Download 

Hubble/Carina Nebula: NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has snapped almost 500,000 images of more than 25,000 celestial bodies over the past 17 years. To celebrate the almost 2 decades of space exploration, NASA scientists released the most dazzling image Hubble has ever captured – a star birth, and death, in the Carina Nebula. MP3 Download 

Space Suit Dilemma: The first American woman to walk in space was Kathryn Sullivan in 1984. Sullivan, one of only seven other women to walk in space, says that being an astronaut is an amazing experience, but spacewalking is something even more special. Spacesuits have a lot to do with making the trip outside in space. MP3 Download 

New Mexico Spaceport America: Voters in a southern New Mexico county recently approved a tax that will raise an estimated $49 million toward a $198 million dollar tourism spaceport. MP3 Download 

Space Traffic Control: At the moment, the chief focus of government regulation in space is on the radio frequencies used by satellites – but there aren’t any regulations on preventing satellites from occupying the same physical space, which runs the risk of collisions between satellites and space junk. MP3 Download 

Space Debris: Low Earth Orbit is a crowded place with thousands of satellites circling the Earth, from 100 to 1000 miles above Earth’s atmosphere. This is a continuous growing problem and the US Air Force is tracking almost 14,000 orbiting objects, it calls space junk. MP3 Download 

DEPTHX: The Deep Phreatic Thermal Explorer, or DEPTHX, is an autonomous robot capable of exploring and mapping underwater caverns, with its 56 Sonar sensors and advanced software, it’s capable of maneuvering and creating 3-D maps of its extreme environment. MP3 Download 

HINODE: Hinode, an international study of our sun has scientists hoping to shed new light on solar activity that may be interferring with communications here on Earth. MP3 Download 

JAMES WEBB SPACE TELESCOPE: The next generation of space observatories is ready to take over where our current Hubble Space Telescope leaves off. Set to orbit nearly a million miles from Earth, the James Webb Space Telescope’s primary goals will be to find the first galaxies that formed in our universe, connecting the Big-Bang to the Milky Way. MP3 Download 

MARS CURE FOR INSOMNIA: A full day on Mars is 24.65 hours. That may not seem like a big difference from our 24-hour day, but it’s enough to throw most people into a constant state of jet lag – something that astronauts can’t afford while working and living on Mars. MP3 Download 

MIDSTAR-2: A unique partnership between NASA and the U.S. Naval Academy is giving seafaring students an out-of-this-world experience. Midshipmen at the academy in Annapolis are building a satellite called MidSTAR-2, which will carry four NASA experiments into space. MP3 Download 

GJ 436b: A Neptune-sized planet, called GJ436b, has been discovered 33 light years away and it seems to have characteristics of a few different planets in our solar system, like orbiting a star, having water – like Earth, but it’s as hot as Mercury and gaseous like Jupiter. MP3 Download 

QUIKSCAT: Clear evidence of the first widespread melting of Antarctica has been detected by NASA’s QuikScat satellite. The extensive snow melt appears to have occurred in 2005 and is the most significant melt observed by NASA satellites in 30 years. MP3 Download 

Venus Express: Over a year ago, the European Space Agency’s Venus Express probe arrived at the second rock from the sun – Venus. It’s been studying this mysterious planet on a global scale to understand it’s climate and atmosphere to help us understand our planet. MP3 Download 

Rocket Racing League: Formed in 2005, the Rocket Racing League is getting ready for its first NASCAR-style venture in the open skies. The league uses rocket planes, or X-Racers, that will take off side-by-side from a runway and fly a course based on the Grand Prix competition. MP3 Download 

Turning Plastic to Fuel: In an effort to develop a new source of sustainable energy, one scientist has bio-engineered a fuel-latent plastic that can be converted into bio-diesel. MP3 Download 

Learning to Fly From Nature: NASA and the military have funded extensive research into planes that mimic birds’ ability to shift the size and shape of their wings. This research promises to create aircraft capable of far more versatile and efficient flight. MP3 Download 

New Planet: A team of Swiss, French and Portuguese scientists have discovered a super-Earth about 5 times the mass of planet Earth. Dubbed an exoplanet, it is the smallest ever found up to now and it completes a full orbit in 13 days. MP3 Download 

Earth Isn't Round: Our globe is not a perfect sphere as ancient Greek scholars, like Aristotle proposed. In fact, it’s not even a perfect oblate spheriod, according to Isaac Newton, because mass is distributed unevenly within the planet. MP3 Download 

Conductive Fibers: Copper is the most common electrical conductor, but as with most metals, it can be heavy, expensive and breakable. However, conductive fibers can provide a lightweight, flexible alternative to copper wiring and carry virtually any necessary current. MP3 Download 

History of Astronauts: In 1959, NASA asked the U.S. Military to list their members who met specific qualifications as pilots for the manned spaceflight program. This only included white men. But for more than 20 years after NASA launched the first rocket with an astronaut aboard back in 1961, men and women of all races are flying high above the Earth. MP3 Download 

POLE-AIRSHIP: In 2008, scientists will for the first time create a continual profile of ice thickness in the Artic, extending from the Canadian coast across the North Pole to Siberia. The PoleAirship mission is part of a large-scale project, since 2005, that has united 44 scientific institutions from 10 European countries. MP3 Download 

Plants Get a New Pair of Genes: On Mars, plants would have to tolerate conditions that usually cause them a great deal of stress – sever cold, drought, low air pressure, etc. But scientists believe they can develop plants that can live in these conditions. MP3 Download 

A Shuttle Simulated: The Shuttle Launch Experience, a $60 million attraction that opened up this summer at the Kennedy Space Center’s Visitor Complex, takes its riders on a trip to space with state-of-the-art special effects, sounds and vibrations that will make you really feel like an NASA astronaut. MP3 Download 

NASA Supercomputer: Named after the Columbia Space Shuttle Crew STS-107, a new superconductor is making it possible for NASA to achieve breakthroughs in science and engineering, fulfilling the Agency’s missions and Vision for Space Exploration. MP3 Download 

Staying Sane in Space: Humans have always been explorers. But over the years, explorers today have had to deal with issues that our ancestors have never had to face, including lack of gravity, air and comfortable temperatures all while being confined to small enclosed habits. MP3 Download 

Raven the Robot For 12 days the surgical robotic system known as Raven will be put through its paces in an underwater capsule that duplicates conditions in a space shuttle. While surgeons back in Seattle will guide its movements. MP3 Download 

Radiation Deflector: Scientists are now experimenting with technology that would allow them to build a radiation deflector, much like the deflector shields which protect the fictional USS Enterprise and other spacecraft in the Star Trek TV series. The real shields could be switched on and off and generate ionized gas called plasma. MP3 Download 

Phoenix: Early NASA missions to Mars always landed on dry regions , leading scientists to believe that the planet was barren, with no signs of life. But, recent satellite missions have revealed widespread ice near the planet’s poles. MP3 Download 

Quantum Mechanics Radar: Lockheed Martin in planning to use research so new and modern that it actually only exists in theory. Using the principles of quantum mechanics, the company will build the ultimate radar, so strong it could see through anything, from buildings to solid earth. MP3 Download 

NASA Partnership: Everything from launch vehicles and habitation modules to the small scientific and engineering gadgets, NASA spinoffs are used on Earth in more than ways that most think. MP3 Download 

NASA Technology Helps Fight Fire: NASA delivered a ground-breaking performance that demonstrated the use of unmanned aircraft systems in providing real-time images in an actual disaster. MP3 Download 

LAB-ON-A-CHIP: A portable detection system will soon pave the way for further development of science equipment that makes use of lab-on-a-chip technology that will be used aboard the International Space Station. MP3 Download 

Another Moon, Another Mission: Jupiter’s moon Europa, became a high priority for scientists after measurements from the Galileo probe found that the ice-covered moon could have an ocean of liquid water beneath its surface, which could mean life, but it comes with a huge price tag. MP3 Download 

Day Jet: Day Jet, a small airline company in Florida, provides on-demand transportation services in the air – much like a taxi does on the ground – could be the beginning of a new market in business aviation. The company plans to begin flying the nation’s first on-demand, per seat air taxi service this summer. And no doubt, competitors who are considering the air taxi business, will be watching carefully, from the sidelines. MP3 Download 

Centrifuge For Astronauts: The first astronauts headed for Mars may be carrying a lot more than a first-aid kit. Since bone loss is such a very real, and troubling affect on astronauts after long-duration space flights, NASA is considering equipping a Mars-bound spacecraft with a centrifuge, a rotating mechanism in which astronauts could spin to help avoid the bone loss that accompanies long space travel. MP3 Download 

Aerospace Industry Boost: The aircraft industry will see a huge boost of production over the next 10 years, according to a recent report by analyst Teal Group. They forecast production of over 41 thousand aircraft worth over one trillion dollars! MP3 Download 

Aerosol Study: (pinpointing global warming): Investigating pollutant sources is an important part of the ongoing battle to improve air quality and fully understand its impact on climate. Scientists are using NASA data to reveal that carbon-containing aerosols, such as soot, actually absorb sunlight and create heat. MP3 Download 

Bone Loss in Space: The long-term effects of microgravity on the bones of crew members aboard the International Space Station reveals that on average, the astronauts lose roughly 11 percent of their total hip bone mass over the course of their mission. That means crewmembers have lost as much bone mass in one month on orbit as an elderly woman loses in an entire year. MP3 Download 

X Planes: The X Plane program, initiated after World War II, was a set of experimental test flights that would compete against, and hopefully outperform, the Soviet Union during the Cold War. MP3 Download 

Wise: NASA is wising up with a $300 million mission, called WISE - the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. This satellite telescope will scan the entire sky in infrared light, uncovering new and unexpected celestial bodies in space. MP3 Download 

Winglets: One of the greatest benefits to passengers of commercial airline flights is something they've probably never even noticed before, unless they happened to look out the window. MP3 Download 

Wind Tunnels: Boeing is one of several companies buying wind-tunnel time at the U.S. National Transonic Facility at NASA's Langley Research Center to test new concepts in aviation. This unique wind tunnel can duplicate true flight aerodynamics, by using cold nitrogen gas at high pressure. MP3 Download 

Why ISS?: Despite the politics, technical delays and budget cuts, the International Space Station has had a constant human presence in space for almost 7 successive years. Every aspect of this project teaches us about the world in which we live - and will help us prepare for visits to distant worlds in the future. MP3 Download 

Water on Mars: Launched in 1997, the Mars Global Surveyor has been the most productive science mission to Mars, returning more than 240,000 images to Earth. To date, the most important of these is evidence of water on Mars. MP3 Download 

TDRSS: The Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System, a communications signal relay system, at the White Sands Complex in New Mexico, has been the premier provider of tracking and data services between low earth orbit spacecraft and researchers on the ground since the 1960's. MP3 Download 

TWT: Traveling Wave Tubes (TWT), will be used for deep-space applications because their construction is radiation tolerant and their power and efficiency levels are significantly higher than those of solid-state amplifiers. MP3 Download 

Stardust: Scientists have been studying comets for centuries, mostly because these icy travelers are known to be made of the best-preserved raw materials in our Solar System - the same materials that are believed responsible for life here on earth. MP3 Download 

Spaceward bound: NASA's Spaceward Bound project is a mixed group of 24 students, recent graduates and a teacher stationed in Utah to study remote environments - like Mars. This project focuses on helping train the next generation of space explorers. MP3 Download 

Spaceports: Plans for new spaceport facilities are popping up even before the space tourism business is fully operational. There are already six operational spaceports - in Virginia, Florida, Oklahoma, Alaska and two in California. The newest spaceport, which will be home base for Virgin Galactic's sub-orbital flights, is based in New Mexico. MP3 Download 

Solar Sails: Solar sails were dreamt-up centuries ago, when scientists thought that a sail in space might work similar to a sail on the windy seas. Unfortunately, there are no high winds in space. But scientists have discovered, there is another propelling force at work in space - the sun. MP3 Download 

Solar Array: When the space shuttle Atlantis heads for the International Space Station on STS-117, its mission may sound a little familiar. The crew will install a new truss segment, unfurl new solar arrays and fold up an old one, while replacing a solar array. MP3 Download 

Sky Crane: The Mars Science Laboratory, or MSL, is a researching robot on wheels -- NASA's newest version of the Mars exploration rover. The rocket-powered "sky crane" would hover, like a helicopter, above a landing site and gently lower the car-sized MSL rover to the surface using a tether. MP3 Download 

Simulated Moon Dust: NASA is returning to the moon, and engineers are now designing new landers and rovers for future lunar missions. The lunar soil samples taken from the moon during the Apollo missions, more than 35 years ago, are running low, so scientists need to improvise - or fake it! MP3 Download 

Solar Sentinels: Hazardous space storms and deadly solar flares are a major concern for the new lunar explorations - and as NASA prepares to send astronauts back to the moon, forecasting space weather is a necessity. MP3 Download 

Plastic Spaceships: The next time you carry a plastic shopping bag home from the grocery store, or empty a plastic trash bag, you might be carrying the key to sending humans to Mars! NASA wants to build a spaceship out of plastic. MP3 Download 

Phoenix: NASA's next Mars lander, the Phoenix mission, is rising from the ashes of two ill-fated attempts to reach the Red Planet. Headed for the northern arctic region of Mars, the craft will dig for subsurface water ice and search for signs of life. MP3 Download 

Paraffin Wax Fuel: The environmentally friendly rocket fuel of the future could come from paraffin wax - a material found in household candles. Paraffin burns cleanly, without giving off toxins - leaving behind only water vapor and carbon dioxide. MP3 Download 

Ocean Climate: After studying nearly a decade's worth of climate data and satellite imaging of the word's oceans, NASA scientists have concluded that rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are playing a big part in global warming. MP3 Download 

SAME: Fire prevention is essential in every home and place of business - but it's even more crucial in space, where astronauts may not have the option, or time, to leave the spacecraft. MP3 Download 

Noogle: If you're looking for a 3D map of the moon, or want to track the International Space Station, all you need to do is "Google" it. NASA's Ames Research Center has partnered with the Internet search engine Google to make space information more easily accessible, through a new search-engine: "Noogle." MP3 Download  |